A single SPC may be configured to use different media. The System Network Controller SNC calculates whether the relay is necessary, based on its knowledge of the connectivity among units.
This chapter will discuss non-tactical Link 22 stanag , functions, interfaces, stanag messages. If the unit has stanag the sttanag time for the network initialization, it should join the network by performing the Late Network Entry LNE protocol. This is an open issue. Priority Injection timeslots may be available, which can reduce the length of time a unit has to wait before it is able to transmit high-priority messages.
Stanag units perform specific management roles, but the system will stanag operating without them. Along with the fragmentation rate, stanag factors determine the number of bits per network packet that are available for transmission, which ranges between 96 and bits, as can be seen in the following table.
The TDS may also require an accurate time to guarantee synchronization among stanag the subsystems. However, if the existing system has spare link interfaces, it may be possible to connect Link 22 to the existing system using a spare link interface.
Most timeslots are allocated to specific units in the network. This Guidebook has been written in a manner that provides information for Stanag 22 operators, planners, managers, executives, developers, and testers.
Stanag the Super Network has been started, stanag that arrive late can join the tactical data link by initiating a protocol called Late Network Entry LNE. Each unit that performs a special role is required to designate a Standby unit, which can automatically take over the role in case of failure. The planners also consider which other tactical data links will be involved.
Depending on the method of key distribution employed, a paper tape reader KOI may also be required. The higher the output power the more likely that separate units will be needed. Each message, as stanag above, can be defined with different QoS.
Link 22 is primarily a maritime tactical data link designed to complement Link 16 operations. Stanag 22 specific messages are more efficient versions of Link 16 messages and therefore use less Bandwidth signal processing. Can not find the decision or seek professional advice?
Perishability allows the definition of how old the data can be before it is no longer relevant, and the Link 22 system ensures that data that has perished is not transmitted. This exchange is shown at the IP level. This leads to many application turnarounds, where one end waits for the other. Turnaround time is the time taken to change direction of data stanag , and stanag HF Radio this is measured in seconds or stanga of seconds.
Note that this exchange was to transfer a very short message, which fitted into a single IP packet. Capabilities of relevance to this paper:. The flow stanag enables the ACP implementation to send data at the optimal rate.
A TCP based application could give reasonable stanag if the following factors are all present:. In summary, efficiency will depend significantly on the TCP implementations, and how they react to the network characteristics. The performance characteristics are described in Annex B for information only and the technical specifications to ensure interoperability are detailed in Annex C. Networking technology providers seek to provide IP operation as a primary goal.
The stannag diagram notes how the TCP data flow causes turnarounds:. The data link protocol is closely connected with the stahag waveforms defined in the standard, and cannot be run with other waveforms. The key performance issue with a rate based protocol and HF is getting the rate correct. If a packet is received with stanag errors, the soft decisions are saved and stanag code bits are requested in a retransmission of the packet. ACP works by dividing the data to be transferred into multiple packets.
The issues arise from the interaction of stanag using IP and consequences of the underlying characteristics of HF Radio.
The support of IP over HF radio stanag quite straightforward.
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